Competative pressure increased the speed of adaption and evolution. Great changes in building techniques evolved fortifications and the use of more permanent materials (and the beginning of large scale quarrying). By the Bronze age, raiding and warfare became the way of life of many highly aggressive communities, whose inner structures evolved rigidly centralised nervous sytems based on kingship and a warrior aristocracy. Less aggressive communities were consumed or forced to flee.

Colonialism evolved from this competative pressure, producing highly organised expeditions from city states for the sole purpose of establishing a city in hostile territory. The "regular pattern' of the new colonies often reflected their highly organised conception. It is interesting to note the development of angular forms by aggressors, and of circular forms by defenders. Sometimes more than one parental community took part in the process, a form of sexual reproduction?

Seeds varied in type from huge organised expeditions, armed and equipped, to small family groups. Individuals, even, who establish a small outpost could conceivably become the potent seed of a new community, for each person carries a complete enough set of codes in their mind to reproduce a copy of their parental community, just as each cell carries a copy of the genes (Culture is a type of Genotype).

Indeed the 'culture', or selected parts of it, can pass from community to community in the manner of a virus, bringing about enormous changes of behavour and form to an infected group. Merchants and missionaries may carry lethal doses of cultural infection, so far as their host community is concerned.